Dexamethasone

Isicelo
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-anti-inflammatory kunye ne-anti-allergies.Ifanelekile kwi-rheumatoid arthritis kunye nezinye izifo ze-collagen.

I-Dexamethasone (DXMS) yaqala ukwenziwa ngo-1957 kwaye idweliswe kuLuhlu lweMigangatho yamaYeza ayimfuneko njenge-WHO njengelinye lamayeza ayimfuneko kwiinkqubo zempilo zikarhulumente ezisisiseko.
Ngomhla we-16 kuJuni, ngo-2020, i-WHO yathi iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala e-United Kingdom zibonise ukuba i-dexamethasone inokusindisa ubomi kwizigulana ezine-neocoronary pneumonia enzima, inciphisa ukubhubha kwabantu malunga nesinye kwisithathu kwizigulana ezikwi-ventilators kwaye malunga nesinye kwisihlanu kwizigulana ezigulayo. ioksijini kuphela.
I-Dexamethasone yi-corticosteroid yokwenziwa enokuthi isetyenziswe ukunyanga uluhlu olubanzi lweemeko, kubandakanywa izifo zamathambo, iimeko ezithile zesikhumba, i-allergies enzima, i-asthma, isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease, i-right laryngitis, i-cerebral edema, kwaye mhlawumbi idibaniswe namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwizigulane ezineentsholongwane. isifo sephepha.Inomlinganiselo wokukhulelwa we-C e-United States, efuna uhlolo lokuba ukusebenza kwechiza kuyayidlula imiphumo emibi ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe, kunye nokulinganisa kwe-A e-Australia, ebonisa ukuba isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo. kwaye akukho bungqina bokulimala komntwana.

Iziphumo ze-Pharmacological
I-Dexamethasone, ekwaziwa njenge-flumethasone, i-fluprednisolone, kunye ne-dexamethasone, yiglucocorticoid.I-derivatives yayo ibandakanya i-hydrocortisone, i-prednisone, njl njl. Iziphumo zayo ze-pharmacological ikakhulu zi-anti-inflammatory, anti-toxic, anti-allergic kunye ne-anti-rheumatic, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiklinikhi.I-plasma yayo i-T1/2 yimizuzu eyi-190 kunye ne-tissue T1/2 ziintsuku ezi-3.Incopho yoxinaniso lwegazi lwe-dexamethasone sodium phosphate okanye i-dexamethasone acetate ifikelela kwiyure kunye neeyure ze-8 ngokulandelanayo emva kwesitofu se-intramuscular.Izinga lokubopha iprotheyini yeplasma yale mveliso iphantsi kuneyezinye i-corticosteroids.Umsebenzi ochasayo we-0.75 mg ulingana ne-5 mg ye-prednisolone.I-Adrenocorticosteroids, i-anti-inflammatory, i-anti-allergic kunye ne-anti-toxic effects inamandla kune-prednisone, kwaye imiphumo yokugcinwa kwe-sodium kunye ne-potassium excretion ilula kakhulu.
1. I-Anti-inflammatory effect: Inokunciphisa kwaye ithintele impendulo yezicubu ekuvukeni, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukubonakaliswa kokuvuvukala.IiHormone zivimbela ukuqokelela kweeseli ezivuthayo, kuquka i-macrophages kunye ne-leukocytes, kwindawo yokuvuvukala kunye nokuvimbela i-phagocytosis, ukukhululwa kwe-enzymes ye-lysosomal, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kunye nokukhululwa kwabalamli beekhemikhali zokuvuvukala.
2. Iziphumo ze-Immunosuppressive: kubandakanywa nokuthintela okanye ukuthintela ukuphendula kwe-cell-mediated immune reactions, ukulibaziseka ukuphendula komzimba, ukunciphisa inani le-T lymphocytes, i-monocytes, kunye ne-eosinophils, ukunciphisa amandla okubopha i-immunoglobulins kwi-cell cell receptors, kunye nokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokukhululwa kwe-interleukins. , ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-T lymphocytes kwi-lymphoblasts kunye nokunciphisa ukwandiswa kweempendulo ze-immune eziphambili.Inciphisa ukuhamba kwe-immune complexes kwi-membrane engaphantsi kwaye inciphisa ukuxinwa kwezinto ezincedisayo kunye ne-immunoglobulins.
Ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-GI tract, kunye ne-plasma T1 / 2 yemizuzu ye-190 kunye ne-tissue T1 / 2 yeentsuku ze-3.Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lufikelelwa kwiyure ye-1 kunye neeyure ze-8 emva kwesitofu se-intramuscular ye-dexamethasone sodium phosphate okanye i-dexamethasone acetate, ngokulandelanayo.I-plasma protein binding rate yale mveliso iphantsi kunezinye i-corticosteroids, kwaye umsebenzi wokuchasana nokuvuvukala wale mveliso i-0.75 mg ilingana ne-5 mg ye-prednisolone.